Make `functools.lru_cache` thread-safe in `--disable-gil` builds

[colesbury]

Feature or enhancement

We should make functools.lru_cache thread-safe in the --disable-gil builds.

For context, here is the commit from the nogil-3.12 fork: colesbury/nogil-3.12@041a08e339

NOTES (differences in 3.13 from nogil-3.12):

1. No need for an extra mutex in lru_cache_object; every PyObject has a mutex in the --disable-gil builds
2. For _functools__lru_cache_wrapper_cache_info_impl and _functools__lru_cache_wrapper_cache_clear_impl we should instead use the @critical_section Arugment Clinic directive. This will be simpler and require fewer changes to the code. lru_cache_call still needs explicit calls to the critical section API.

Linked PRs

• gh-112070: make functools.lru_cache threadsafe in --disable-gil build #112111

[wanderxjtu]

I will try on it.